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It all started over coffee and a Timbit. Matt, ’13 BSc, ’19 PhD, and Jalene Anderson-Baron, ’12 BA, ’16 MA, husband and wife co-founders of , were standing in line at Tim Hortons discussing the challenges facing the cellular agriculture industry. At the time, their startup was still in its infancy.

“We had a name and an idea,” says Matt, who was finishing his PhD while Jalene worked at the university. They spent evenings and weekends bootstrapping the concept, driven by excitement for the potential of cellular agriculture, a method of producing animal products — think meat, dairy or therapeutic proteins such as insulin — directly from cells. While promising, existing technologies had limitations that would quickly constrain the field.

That’s when Jalene, despite her background in social sciences rather than biology, made a game-changing suggestion: what if they used fruit flies? She knew Matt worked with Drosophila during his PhD and thought they could offer a solution. “It was just sort of an offhand question,” Jalene recalls. “But that was the very spark of the idea.”

Fast forward to today, and Edmonton-based Future Fields is harnessing fruit flies as mini-bioreactors to manufacture recombinant proteins — proteins made from DNA sequences in the fruit fly that have been engineered to produce proteins of interest for life sciences, medical research and preclinical applications. The company’s approach circumvents the expensive, complex and difficult-to-scale steel tank bioreactors relied upon for the past 50 years to grow microbes like E. coli and yeast for use in therapeutic products.

“The fruit fly itself is the bioreactor,” explains Matt. “We can take the gene, integrate it into the genome of the fruit fly, grow those fruit flies at large scale with very simple inputs and infrastructure, and then extract and purify that protein out of the insect.”

Fruit flies offer several key advantages as protein factories. They enable low costs through inexpensive feed and simple rearing setups, a far cry from the capital-intensive traditional bioreactors. Scaling production is much easier as well, without the infrastructure and energy demands of scaling steel tanks. Fruit flies also boast high fecundity, reproducing with a mere 11-day journey from egg to adult. Their feed-to-biomass conversion ratios are remarkably efficient, living up to the reputation of the insect biomass that dominates the planet. Rearing them at room temperature further simplifies the process compared to other farmed insects.

But most advantageous is that as a multicellular organism with various specialized cell types, fruit flies open up possibilities to produce complex proteins otherwise unmakeable in legacy systems. “We have basically 200 expression systems in one,” says Matt. “It gives us a lot more tools in our tool kit to make complex proteins.”

This allows Future Fields to serve clients seeking custom proteins too complex for bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells grown in bioreactors. Given that more than 40 per cent of newly approved therapeutics are biologically derived, this has major applications: from basic research to preclinical development of protein-based medicines. Monoclonal antibodies, for instance, which are the basis of numerous treatments, can be particularly complex to manufacture — something Future Fields aims to streamline through specialized cell types like neuron cells present in fruit flies.

The protein production process is conceptually simple: insert the DNA sequence for the desired protein into Drosophila eggs through microinjection, a robust process used for more than 30 years; breed the flies to sufficient biomass using Future Fields’ proprietary rearing system; harvest larvae; then purify out the protein using off-the-shelf downstream solutions compatible with existing processes. This apparent simplicity belies the years of painstaking optimization the Future Fields team has invested to create a truly robust and efficient platform.

Future Fields is now constructing an expanded production facility to increase capacity and meet rigorous quality control standards required for medical products used in research and clinical trials. With 34 employees (70 per cent of them U of A grads) and $18 million raised to date, with an upcoming $10-t